Sunday, December 16, 2012

Religion and Fighting Threaten Nigeria's Stability
Nigeria's stability has been repeatedly threatened by fighting between fundamentalist Muslims and Christians over the spread of Islamic law (sharia) across the heavily Muslim north. One-third of Nigeria's 36 states is ruled by sharia law. More than 10,000 people have died in religious clashes since military rule ended in 1999.
In 2003, after religious and political leaders in the Kano region banned polio immunization—contending that it sterilized girls and spread HIV—an outbreak of polio spread through Nigeria, entering neighboring countries the following year. The Kano region lifted its ten-month ban against vaccination in July 2004. On Aug. 24, there were 602 polio cases worldwide, 79% of which were in Nigeria.
Since 2004, insurgency has wreaked havoc in the Niger delta, Nigeria's oil-producing region. The desperately impoverished local residents of the delta have seen little benefit from Nigeria's vast oil riches, and rebel groups are fighting for a more equal distribution of the wealth as well as greater regional autonomy. Violence by rebel groups has disrupted oil production and reduced output by about 20%. Nigeria is one of the world's largest oil producers and supplies the U.S. with one-fifth of its oil.
In Aug. 2006 Nigeria handed over the oil-rich Bakassi peninsula to Cameroon, in compliance with a 2002 World


Read more: Nigeria: Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture, Facts, Guide & Travel/Holidays/Cities — Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107847.html?pageno=5#ixzz2FGFtg6Uj
Military Coups Shift Power
Gowon's nine-year rule was ended in 1975 in a bloodless coup that made Army Brig. Muritala Rufai Mohammed the new chief of state. The return of civilian leadership was established with the election of Alhaji Shehu Shagari as president in 1979. An oil boom in the 1970s buoyed the economy and by the 1980s, Nigeria was considered an exemplar of African democracy and economic well-being.
The military again seized power in 1984, only to be followed by another military coup the following year. Maj. Gen. Ibrahim Babangida announced that the country would be returned to civilian rule, but after the presidential election of June 12, 1993, he voided the results. Nevertheless, Babangida did resign as president in August. In November the military, headed by defense minister Sani Abacha, seized power again.
Corruption and notorious governmental inefficiency as well as a harshly repressive military regime characterized Abacha's reign over this oil-rich country, turning it into an international pariah. A UN fact-finding mission in 1996 reported that Nigeria's “problems of human rights are terrible and the political problems are terrifying.” During the 1970s, Nigeria had the 33rd highest per capita income in the world, but by 1997 it had dropped to the 13th poorest. The hanging of writer Ken Saro-Wiwa in 1995 because he protested against the government was condemned around the world.


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Religion and the Nigerian society


SEPTEMBER 17, 2012 BY IZERE IMOSEMI

It is not in doubt that Nigerians are very religious. Religion is very sacred and central to the existence of most Nigerians irrespective of social class or status.
Nigerians hold their religion very dear and a negative allusion to any religion, either deliberate or in error, is a sure recipe for discord or even violent reaction and can snap the already fragile fibre that still holds the country as one.
The edifices of churches and mosques that litter our streets and neighbourhoods bear testament to this fact. The blaring prayers that emanate from churches and mosques, along with the ecstatic religious gatherings you see everywhere, are clear indicators of the value Nigerians place on religion.
In fact, religion has been a tool for the growth and development of society. History has it that the early Christian missionaries did not just preach the gospel of Christ, but also brought about what is (was) regarded as the ‘social gospel’. The movement sought to apply Christian ethics to social problems.
Although, the movement generated some controversies in Christendom, the movement recorded some successes. They fed the hungry, tackled unemployment, clothed the poor, and tended to the needy. They brought education to rural communities and provided medical services for disease-ravaged areas. The recipients were better for it; they received both the gospel of Christ and better living conditions.
However, we live in different times. As the number of churches and mosques increases almost on a daily basis, and in a most unprecedented manner, one would expect a corresponding decline in crime and corruption, greater progress in the welfare of the people, and advancement in society generally.
Evidently, the tenets of integrity, hard work, fairness, justice, and respect for authority are values espoused by both Christianity and Islam, the two major religions in Nigeria. Ironically, the above mentioned values are on a great decline in our society as there seem to be a direct correlation in the increase in religious activities   and the increase in crime, corruption and poverty.
Why is there so much religiosity yet so much corruption? So much piety yet so little progress and prosperity? Why do light and darkness seem to be so compatible in our society?
From the foregoing, it appears that many Nigerians are religious without being righteous. We observe all the prayers, fastings and attendance of services, but do not reflect the true teachings of our religions in our day-to-day interaction with our fellow citizen. We compartmentalise our lives such that, what is taught in our churches or mosques stay there!
A case in point is the story published recently in a national newspaper of a female police officer said to have attended a church service at a very popular Pentecostal church at the University of Lagos. According to the writer of the story, a demand was made by the security personnel at the university gate for the disc, usually handed to motor vehicle owners upon their entrance into the institution premises. It is a standard practice at UNILAG that the disc be returned upon the exit of the vehicle owner from the premises. The female police officer did not only refuse to return the disc, but hurled insults at everyone who appealed to her to do so including the deputy registrar of the institution. She revealed that she was a police officer and promised to ‘deal with them!’
What I found interesting about the story was the fact that the police officer had just attended a church service! Praying in one breath and cursing in another! She is not alone in this conduct. Apparently, the conduct of the police officer is at complete variance with biblical injunctions which talk about submission to constituted authority.  Her conduct is not peculiar or unheard of; it actually is a reflection of the current state of affairs of the larger society.
The man who gives the bribe, the man who receives it, the one who diverts public funds for personal use, the one who inflates  the prices in government contracts, these people  are not ghosts, but our “fellow brothers and sisters in the Lord”! Many of them even occupy high positions in churches and mosques because of their ability to donate heavily towards building structures for religious bodies.
Furthermore, the inane worship of wealth and material possession in the society has eroded the values of hard work, integrity, forthrightness and delayed gratification. The manner in which corrupt politicians and businessmen are idolised by religious leaders is shameful. It sends a clear message to society, on the thing that is of most value in the society, wealth. Whichever way it is got is irrelevant.
Nigerians seem to wallow in wilful amnesia as regards God’s incompatibility with sin. We mention God’s name all the time and pray for His help even in the process of committing heinous crimes. The politician who seeks to alter the votes in his favour, asks for God’s blessings. The band of robbers before it carries out its operations, says the Lord’s prayers.  
Perhaps, we need more fiery clerics, more of the ‘wages of sin is death’ sermons. We need preachers that would speak it, as it is, pointedly and directly!  Religious leaders, who would not be swayed by “hefty donations” from their members, whilst turning a blind eye to their atrocities!
Ironically, though instructively too, societies that are not half as religious as we are, seem to make more progress and advancement in all spheres of human endeavour while we struggle to get things right. These societies   notwithstanding their seeming apathy to religion, have built strong institutions over time, and have integrated the values of fairness and accountability into the system.
Really, it is not enough to be a church-going, “Bible welding” Christian nor is it enough to be a Muslim who prays five times a day! It is not enough to host large religious conferences, and proclaim a fast. Nigerians need to step up; we need to stop fighting God’s battles and start fighting ours. If our religion is to affect our society for good, we must translate religion into righteous living.

Breakdown of religion in Nigeria



UK company to build a solar power plant in Ghana



A British company is about to start building the biggest solar powered electricity generating plant in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Blue Energy says its facility, featuring thousands of photo voltaic panels, will provide 6% of the country's power needs after it is built in two years.
The $400m plant will harness the power of the sun to produce electricity, that will be fed into a transmission line that links to Ivory Coast, Togo, Benin and Nigeria.
Christopher Dean, the chief executive of Blue Energy, has been telling the BBC's Russell Padmore more about the project.

Muslim groups want change in government.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3YKqJkUBV4

Attacks against churches in Nigeria.

Monopoly Lagos version launched in Nigeria


Monopoly Lagos version launched in Nigeria

The first African city edition of the famous board game Monopoly is launched in Lagos, with Banana Island revealed as the upmarket equivalent of Mayfair

The first African city edition of the famous board game Monopoly has been launched in Lagos.
The Nigerian metropolis is one of the fast-growing cities in the world.
The board's layout was unveiled at an event in Lagos City Hall, with the manmade Banana Island named as the upmarket equivalent of Mayfair in the London edition.
Makoko, the slum on stilts over the city's lagoon, is the cheapest property for sale on the Lagos board.
Bribes
Nimi Akinkugbe, the head of Bestman Games which is producing the authorised Lagos edition, told Nigeria's Guardian newspaper ahead of the launch that suggestions for the Mayfair spot were "a hot topic".
The BBC's Tomi Oladipo in Lagos says Banana Island, which got the coveted position, is an artificially created island where the very wealthy reside.
Some properties on the island sell for about $8m (£4.9m) - and it would cost about $150,000 a year to rent a flat there, he says.

The Nigerian Stock Exchange, Murtala Muhammed International Airport and several hotels are other properties on the board.

Many of the squares are sponsored by banks and shopping centres and even the Lagos state government appears, while some major landmarks like Tinubu Square, the New Afrika Shrine nightclub, Third Mainland Bridge and the National Theatre have been left out, our correspondent says.
Other aspects of the game have been tailored for Lagos, like the "Go To Jail" cards, which read: "Go to jail. Go directly to Kirikiri jail," referring to the city's maximum security prison.
Our reporter says one of the Chance cards issuing a fine quotes a phrase regularly used by police officers: "Park! Park! For reckless driving pay a fine... and register for retraining."
Another reads: "For attempting to bribe a law enforcement agent, pay a fine."
Some of the new traffic laws introduced by the Lagos state government, and the punishments for various offences, have also been included in the game, our reporter says.
"You've been caught driving against traffic. Report for psychiatric evaluation," one card reads.
The Monopoly game was developed in the US, originally based on streets in Atlantic City. A London version of the game was produced in 1935.
"Lagos is the first African city to have its Monopoly. Two countries in Africa have theirs, Morocco and South Africa. But there's no city that has its own customised edition," Ms Akinkugbe told the Guardian.
There is also a Kenyan property game which resembles Monopoly, set in Nairobi, called Kumiliki, which means "to own" in KiSwahili.

Nigeria air crash kills Kaduna governor Patrick Yakowa


Nigeria air crash kills Kaduna governor Patrick Yakowa

Map
The governor of Nigeria's Kaduna state has been killed in a helicopter crash in the southern delta region along with other senior officials, his party says.
Governor Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa and former national security adviser Gen Owoye Azazi were on the helicopter which came down in Bayelsa state.
Nigerian media said the helicopter belonged to the Nigerian navy and had been taking officials to Port Harcourt.
Nigeria has a poor air safety record, analysts say.
In March a police helicopter carrying a high-ranking police official crashed in the central city of Jos, killing four people.
"The nation has lost a great patriot who in about two years in saddle as the Governor of Kaduna State demonstrated an unyielding capacity in wielding together varying fragile interests," the Peoples Democratic Party said in a statement.
Kaduna, in northern Nigeria, is a volatile region with a mixed population of Muslims and Christians. The Islamist militants of Boko Haram have frequently targeted Kaduna churches.

Saturday, December 15, 2012

A cultural festival celebrated by the Eyo people of Nigeria to marks the celebration and the memory of an important royal figure who passed away.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9U1iSSnGKFI

The Eyo festival is a symbol of the cities love for tradition, music, art, drama and fashion. Originating in South-West Nigeria, this fascinating event marks the celebration and the memory of an important royal figure who passed away. It is characterized by the Eyo masquerades that symbolize the arrival on earth of the departed spirits.

Nigeria




How some engagement ceremonies are perform in some areas of Nigeria.


In some areas of Nigeria, an engagement ceremony is held one evening before the wedding, during which all partake in kola nuts and beer. The traditional Nigerian bride wears traditional Yuroba attired, a decorative coral-beaded headpiece, necklaces and coral-beaded ankle bracelets. During the ceremony, the officiating elder may sip a cup of palm wine, inviting the bride and groom to join him, however, first she must find her groom, who playfully hides amidst the guests.
In most regions, traditional music, dance and food are very important elements of the celebration. In some areas, such as in Lamu, just off the coast of Nigeria, beautiful henna designs are drawn on the bride's hands and feet, and one of the elders helps bath her and wash her hair before the ceremony. She might also be massaged with coconut oil and scented oils. Today, the Nigerian wedding often follows Western trends in that the bride wears white and the wedding takes place in a church, although the newlyweds may change into traditional costume for their reception.

Thursday, December 13, 2012

NGOZI OKONJO-IWEALA




Reforming the Unreformable: Lessons From Nigeria. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala.
NGOZI OKONJO-IWEALA is a woman who speaks her mind. Just over a year into her second stint as Nigeria’s finance minister, she has written a new book that she describes as a road map for low-income oil-exporting countries and poor countries committed to reform. If she really does have an effective road map, no country needs it more than Nigeria.
Between the mid-1970s and 2001 Nigeria earned more than $300 billion from crude oil and accumulated $30 billion of debt to the Paris Club of state creditors. Nigeria’s dependence on oil had not led to better living standards for the people, but was instead pocketed by a powerful elite, a trend that continues. Mrs Okonjo-Iweala’s book launch coincided with the release of a new report on rot in Nigeria’s oil industry: corrupt deals between government officials, the state oil company and oil majors are conservatively estimated to have cost Nigerians $35 billion over the last ten years.
To give muscle to her 2003 reform plan, which was endorsed by the then president, Olusegun Obasanjo, Mrs Okonjo-Iweala put together a team of 12 technocrats—and things began to change. According to her book, the budget leaked less and spending stabilised as the government managed to save surplus revenues, cushioning the country against volatility in the oil price. Hundreds of state enterprises were privatised. GSM mobile-phone licences were granted to three operators, which triggered a boom in the telecoms industry; Nigeria now has 100m registered SIM cards. Mrs Okonjo-Iweala also reformed pension schemes and consolidated banks by reducing the number of lenders and raising their capital base. Her chief achievement was to convince creditors that Nigeria deserved debt relief. The Paris Club agreed a package worth $18 billion, which went a long way towards helping to turn the economy around.
http://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21567040-difficulties-introducing-reform-ngozis-big-job


Nigeria: History and Politics

Constitution & political system

  • Constitution adopted 1979, still partially in force. Nigeria has embarked on a review of its constitution
  • Legal system based on English common law, Islamic law, and tribal law
  • Legislative branch bicameral National Assembly consists of Senate (109 seats), and House of Representatives (360 seats)
  • Elections last held  February - March 1999

Background

The Federal Republic of Nigeria covers an area of 923,768 sq. km on the shores of the Gulf of Guinea. It has Benin on its Western side, Niger on the North, Chad to the north-east and Cameroon to the east and south-east. Its November 1991 census stood at 88,514,501 and has risen above 120 million currently. It is the most populated country in Africa. Its population is extremely diverse with well over 250 ethnic groups, some numbering fewer than 10,000 people. Ten ethnic groups including Hausa-Fulani, Yoruba, Ibo, Kanuri, Tiv, Edo, Nupe, Ibibio and Ijaw account for nearly 80% of the total population. Most of its population is concentrated in the southern part of the country, as well as in the area of dense settlement around Kano in the north. Between the two areas is a sparsely populated middle belt.
http://www.iss.co.za/af/profiles/nigeria/politics.html


Politics in Nigeria:



Wednesday, December 12, 2012


history of Nigeria
The first inhabitants of what is now Nigeria were thought to have been the Nok people (500 BC –c. AD 200). The Kanuri, Hausa, and Fulani peoples subsequently migrated there. Islam was introduced in the 13th century, and the empire of Kanem controlled the area from the end of the 11th century to the 14th.
The Fulani empire ruled the region from the beginning of the 19th century until the British annexed Lagos in 1851 and seized control of the rest of the region by 1886. It formally became the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria in 1914. During World War I, native troops of the West African frontier force joined with French forces to defeat the German garrison in Cameroon.
On Oct. 1, 1960, Nigeria gained independence, becoming a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and joining the United Nations. Organized as a loose federation of self-governing states, the independent nation faced the overwhelming task of unifying a country with 250 ethnic and linguistic groups.
Rioting broke out in 1966, and military leaders, primarily of Ibo ethnicity, seized control. In July, a second military coup put Col. Yakubu Gowon in power, a choice unacceptable to the Ibos. Also in that year, the Muslim Hausas in the north massacred the predominantly Christian Ibos in the east, many of whom had been driven from the north. Thousands of Ibos took refuge in the eastern region, which declared its independence as the Republic of Biafra on May 30, 1967. Civil war broke out. In Jan. 1970, after 31 months of civil war, Biafra surrendered to the federal government.


Read more: Nigeria: Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture, Facts, Guide & Travel/Holidays/Cities — Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107847.html?pageno=3#ixzz2ErEx7ngR

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Geography

Nigeria, one-third larger than Texas and the most populous country in Africa, is situated on the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa. Its neighbors are Benin, Niger, Cameroon, and Chad. The lower course of the Niger River flows south through the western part of the country into the Gulf of Guinea. Swamps and mangrove forests border the southern coast; inland are hardwood forests.


Read more: Nigeria: Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture, Facts, Guide & Travel/Holidays/Cities — Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107847.html?pageno=1#ixzz2ErBzJGwT





President: Goodluck Jonathan (2010)
Land area: 351,649 sq mi (910,771 sq km); total area: 356,667 sq mi (923,768 sq km)
Population (2010 est.): 152,217,341 (growth rate: 1.9%); birth rate: 36.0/1000; infant mortality rate: 92.9/1000; life expectancy: 47.2; density per sq km: 151
Capital (2003 est.): Abuja, 590,400 (metro. area), 165,700 (city proper)
Largest cities: Lagos (2003 est.), 11,135,000 (metro. area), 5,686,000 (city proper); Kano, 3,329,900; Ibadan, 3,139,500; Kaduna, 1,510,300

Multiparty government transitioning from military to civilian rule.

Read more: Nigeria: Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture, Facts, Guide & Travel/Holidays/Cities — Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107847.html?pageno=1#ixzz2ErCGWpRy
Read more: Nigeria: Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture, Facts, Guide & Travel/Holidays/Cities — Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107847.html?pageno=1#ixzz2ErBb1JL2

Table 1: Nigeria’s Heads of State since Independence

President/Head of State
Geographic Zone
Period in Power
Duration in Power
1.Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  (Prime Minister)
North East
1 Oct., 1960 –  15 Jan., 1966
5 years + 3.5months
2. Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe
(Governor-General, then President*)
South East
1 Oct.1, 1960 –  30 Sept., 1963

1 Oct., 1963 – 14 Jan., 1966
3 years

2 years + 3.5 months
3. Gen. Aguyi Ironsi
South East
15 Jan., 1966 – 28 July, 1966
6.5 months
4. Gen. Yakubu Gowon
North Central
29 July, 1966 – 28 July, 1975
9 years
5. Gen. Murtala Mohammed
North West
29 July,1975 – 13 Feb., 1976
6.5 months
6. Gen. Olusegun Obasanjo
South West
13 Feb 1976 – 1 Oct. 1979
3 years + 6.5 months
7. Alhaji Shehu Shagari
North West
1 Oct. 1979 – 31 Dec. 1983
4 years + 3 months
8. Gen. Mohammadu Buhari
North West
31 Dec 1983 – 27 Aug. 1985
1 year + 8 months
9. Gen. Ibrahim Babaginda
North Central
27 Aug. 1985 – 26 Aug. 1993
8 years
10. Chief Ernest Shonekan
South West
26 Aug. 1993 – 17 Nov. 1993
3 months
11. Gen. Sani Abacha
North West
17 Nov. 1993 – 8 June 1998
4 years + 7 months
12. Gen. Abdulsalami Abubakar
North Central
9 June 1998 – 29 May 1999
1 year
13. Olusegun Obasanjo
South West
29 May 1999 – 29 May 2007
8 years
14. Alhaji Musa Yar’Adua
North West
29 May 2007 – 6 May 2010
2 years + 11 months
15. Dr. Goodluck Jonathan
South South
7 May 2010 – date
1 year + 4 months




http://www.waado.org/nigerdelta/essays/politics/nigeria_at_51.htm